1. What is the corporate tax in Albania? Albania has a corporate tax of 10% that has to be paid for businesses with a turnover of 2 to 5 million ALL per year. However, this tax is among the lowest in Europe. 2. What is the VAT in Albania? In Albania, the Value Added Tax (VAT) is 20%. However, ...

1. What is the VAT rate in Albania? The standard VAT rate in Albania is 20%. There is however an exception when it comes to the export of goods and services. These are not subject for VAT in Albania. On the other hand, the import of goods and services in Albania is generally taxed at the 20% rate, b ...

1. What is the corporate tax in Armenia? Armenia has a corporate tax of 20% on taxable profit earned by legal entities. 2. What is the VAT in Armenia? The VAT in Armenia is 20%. Some transactions in different areas are subject to exemption from VAT in Armenia. The VAT can be paid monthly or quarter ...

1. What is the VAT in Armenia? The VAT standard rate in Armenia is 20% and it applies to almost all goods and services, as well as to imports of goods in Armenia. However, there is also a category of supplies that is exempt from VAT in Armenia, such as education, television broadcasting, agricultura ...

1. What is the corporate tax in Austria? The headline rate of the corporate tax in Austria is of 25% and it is payable within one month after receiving the tax assessments, issued in few weeks after filling the tax return. In general, companies have to file the corporate income tax within three mont ...

1. What is the VAT in Austria? VAT in Austria is also known as “Umsatzsteuer” or “Mehrwertsteuer”. The standard rate is 20%, but there are also reduced VAT rates that apply in Austria. Reduced rates of 19%, 12% or 10% apply to several goods and services in Austria, such as fo ...

 An accountant in Austria is known as a Steuerberater if he is a tax advisor or a Wirtschaftsprüfer if he is a certified public accountant in Austria. Other related professions are management accountants, commercial accountants or payroll accountants. Their profession is mainly that of a t ...

 1. What is the corporate tax in Azerbaijan? Any company registered in Azerbaijan is subject to a corporate tax rate of 20% for its worldwide income.  2. What is the VAT in Azerbaijan? In Azerbaijan, the standard VAT rate is 18%. As in other European systems, there are several goods or tra ...

1. What is the VAT in Azerbaijan? The standard VAT rate in Azerbaijan is calculated at 18% for the supply of most goods and services, as well as imports of goods. Some transactions of goods or supply of services such as financial services are exempt from VAT. There are also zero-rated transactions i ...

  1. What is the corporate tax in Belarus?  The corporate tax rate for a company registered in Belarus is 24% from the sales profit. 2. What is the VAT in Belarus? The Value Added Tax (VAT) in Belarus is 20%. However, there are some exceptions in several areas, such as food, agriculture, r ...

1. What is the VAT in Belarus? The standard VAT rate in Belarus is 20% for almost all goods and services, as well as imports. However, exceptions apply in certain cases. For instance, agriculture, food, goods for children, repairing or hairdressing are charged a reduced VAT calculated at a 10% rate. ...

1. What is the corporate tax in Belgium? The corporate income tax rate on the total income of resident companies in Belgium is 33, 99% and it includes a 3% called 'crisis surcharge', which was introduced by the Belgian government in 1993, as a crisis complementary tax contributing to social security ...

1. What is the VAT in Belgium? Since January 1996, the standard rate for VAT in Belgium has been 21%. A reduced rate of 12% applies for medicine, margarine, tubes, TV cable or social housing, while a VAT reduced rate of 6% is available for all types of renovation work, such as shoe repair or house p ...

1. What is the corporate tax in Bosnia and Herzegovina? The corporate tax rate in Bosnia and Herzegovina is 10%. Only companies with less than 9 employees and less than 100,000 BAM per year revenue are entitled to a reduced corporate tax rate of 2%. 2. What is the VAT in Bosnia and Herzegovina? The ...

  1. What is the corporate tax in Bulgaria? The corporate tax  for a Bulgarian company is 10%, with the exception of companies who activate in shipping or gambling, which are submitted to different corporate taxes on income. 2. What is the VAT in Bulgaria? The VAT in Bulgaria is calculate ...

1. What is the VAT in Bulgaria? In Bulgaria, the standard VAT rate is 20%. This rate is applied for domestic supplies, intra-community acquisitions and importation from non-European countries. There is also a 9% reduced rate for VAT for companies in tourism and hotel accommodation services. Exemptio ...

 1. What is the corporate tax in Croatia? The corporate income tax rate in 2011 for legal entities that are registered in Croatia is 20%. 2. What is the VAT in Croatia? The standard VAT rate in Croatia is 23%, but there are also exceptions, when several goods and services are only subject to a ...

1. What is the VAT in Croatia? The standard VAT in Croatia is calculated at a rate of 23%. A reduced rate of 10% applies for accommodation services, as well as printed newspapers and magazines. However, some goods or services may also be exempt from VAT in Croatia. 2. How can I get a VAT refund in C ...

1. What is the corporate tax in Cyprus? The standard corporate tax rate for companies that are registered in Cyprus is 10%, one of the lowest in Europe. 2. What is the VAT in Cyprus? In Cyprus, the standard VAT rate is 15%, but there is a reduced rate of 8% and 5%. There are also some services and ...

1. What is the VAT rate in Cyprus? In Cyprus, the standard VAT rate is 15%, but there is a reduced rate of 8% and 5%. The 8% VAT rate is applied to transport of passengers, restaurants, accommodation, while the 5% rate applies to hair salons, maintenance of private households, confectionary products ...

Accountants in Cyprus are members of the Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Cyprus. This body regulates the profession of an accountant in Cyprus, but at the same time it supports and promotes their professional interests, as well as their reputation. The institute also supervises the acco ...

1. What is the corporate tax in the Czech Republic? A Czech company has to pay a corporate income tax rate of 19%, with a rate of 5% for pension funds, investment funds and share funds. The corporate tax has to be paid for the worldwide income. 2. What is the VAT in the Czech Republic? The standard ...

1. What is the corporate tax in Denmark? Companies resident in Denmark are subjected to Danish corporate tax on their profits made in Denmark and abroad, to some extent. Non-resident companies, on the other hand pay tax on the income made in Denmark. The standard corporate income tax is 25%. 2. Wha ...

1. What is the VAT in Denmark? The standard VAT rate in Denmark is calculated at 25%. There are no reduced rates for VAT in Denmark. Still, there is a category of goods and services that are subject to a zero-rated VAT. This category includes newspapers, selling, hiring or repairing of aircrafts and ...

1. What is the corporate tax in Estonia? The tax system in Estonia does not require the payment of a corporate tax for undistributed profits, a characteristic quite unique to Estonia. 2. What is the VAT in Estonia? In Estonia, the standard VAT rate is 20%, but there are also some exceptions. For ex ...

1. What is the VAT in Estonia? VAT rate is generally 20% in Estonia for a wide range of goods and services. There are however some exceptions. A reduced rate of 9% applies for instance to books, newspapers, accommodation and medicine. Goods supplied on board vessels and aircrafts are subject to a ze ...

 1. What is the corporate tax in Finland? Companies that are set up in Finland have to subdue to a corporate tax rate of 26%. All companies that are resident in Finland have to pay the corporate tax for the worldwide income, while those that are not Finnish residents must pay only for the incom ...

1. What is the VAT in Finland? Finnish VAT is mostly applied at a standard rate of 23%. There are however some exceptions from this rate. For instance, VAT for food products is 13%. Books, cultural events, accommodation and medicine are only subject to a 9% VAT rate in Finland. Nevertheless, exports ...

1. What is the corporate tax in France? Under French tax law the corporate tax is an annual direct tax that affects all profits made by corporations and business entities. Corporations domiciled or managed in France are obliged to have full corporation tax liability, having their domestic and foreig ...

1. What is the VAT in France? The VAT in France has a standard rate of 19.6% since April 2000 and applies to the majority of products and services, while the reduced rate of 5.5% applies only to some sectors, such as public health or culture. 2. How can I get a VAT refund in France? Most entrepreneu ...

A French accountant provides numerous services, from offering advice to dealing with all sorts of financial matters. The profession of French accounting is regulated by law and the principles of an accountant in France are based on the Commercial Code, the Plan Comptable General, and the Code Genera ...

1. What is the corporate tax in Georgia? The corporate income tax rate for a business in Georgia is 15%. 2. What is the VAT in Georgia? In Georgia, the standard VAT rate is 18%. There are no reduced rates, but a zero VAT rate applies to exports, services of tour operators, electrical power, internat ...

1. What is the VAT in Georgia? The standard VAT rate in Georgia is 18% levied on sales of goods and services, as well as importations. Exports are not subject to VAT and some other transactions are also exempt from VAT under the Georgian law. These include financial services, assets within the state ...

1. What is the corporate tax in Germany? Since the comprehensive reforms in 2001 and 2008 the tax system in Germany has been modified to better suit the country's economy. The corporate tax in Germany applies to a standard rate of 15%. In addition a business tax of 14% up to 17% is applied, being pa ...

1. What is the VAT in Germany? VAT in Germany is also known as “Umsatzsteuer”. The standard rate for Value Added Tax in Germany is 19%. However, the law in Germany stipulates that some goods and services may benefit from a reduced VAT rate of 7%. The VAT reduced rate usually refers to fo ...

 1. What is the corporate tax in Greece? The standard corporate tax rate for the first half of 2011 in Greece is 24%. After the 31st July 2011, the corporate tax rate is 20%, while for partnerships, the corporate tax rate in Greece is 25%.  2. What is the VAT in Greece? In Greece, the stan ...

1. What is the VAT in Greece? The latest changes made by the Greek government regarding the VAT were made in September 2011. The standard VAT rate in Greece is 23% for the widest range of assets and services. A reduced VAT rate of 13% applies for medicine and transportation, while the previous reduc ...

 1. What is the corporate tax in Hungary? The Hungarian corporate tax for any type of company is 10% for an income up to 500 million HUF (approximately 2 million EUR). If the income exceeds this amount, the rest of it is submitted to a 19% tax rate. 2. What is the VAT in Hungary? VAT is not fix ...

1. What is the VAT in Hungary? Hungary has a variable VAT rate instead of a standard rate. Goods and services in Hungary are subject to a 25% VAT rate, while the rate for food and accommodation is 18%. VAT is also different for medicines, books and newspapers in Hungary, since the rate is only 5% fo ...

 1. What is the corporate tax in Iceland? The corporate tax in Iceland is differentiated according to the type of company. This way, the corporate tax rate for a limited liability company in Iceland is 20%, while the rest of the companies have to pay a 36% corporate tax rate. 2. What is the VAT ...

1. What is the VAT in Iceland? VAT in Iceland is calculated at the standard rate of 25.5% for almost all types of assets and services. There is however a reduced VAT rate of 7% that applies in certain cases. Food, accommodation, books, newspapers, as well as hot water, electricity and domestic heati ...

1. What is the corporate tax in Ireland? In Ireland companies pay corporate tax levied on company profits. The tax is charged for both the company's income and gains and its rates differ. 12, 5% tax is charged on trading income, 25% for non-trading income and 10% for companies activating in manufact ...

1. What is the VAT in Ireland? VAT was introduced in Ireland on the 1st November 1972. The standard Irish VAT rate is 21% for almost all goods and services. A reduced rate of 9% applies to food and drinks excluding alcohol, admissions to cinema, theatre, museum, sport activities, newspapers, brochu ...

1. What is the corporate tax in Italy? Italian Tax Law requires companies and individual entrepreneurs to pay a 27% corporate tax, which is a State Tax called IRES in Italy. In addition there is another tax, called IRAP which is a regional tax of 3, 9% bringing the total taxation amount at 31, and 4 ...

1. What is the VAT in Italy? In Italy, VAT is levied on the supply of almost all types of goods and services, as well as importation from outside the European Union. The general VAT rate in Italy is 20%. In some cases, the VAT has a reduced rate of 4% or 10% that may apply on basic products, while e ...

1. What is the corporate tax in Latvia? The general corporate income tax rate for companies in Latvia is 15%. If you set up a micro company, you will benefit from a lower corporate tax rate of 9%. 2. What is the VAT in Latvia? The standard VAT rate in Latvia is 22%, with a reduced rate of 12% for a ...

1. What is the VAT in Latvia? VAT is charged in Latvia on all supplies of goods, intra-community acquisitions and imports. The standard VAT rate is 22% since 2011. A reduced rate of 12% applies to some goods and services. For instance, accommodation or newspapers benefit from this reduced VAT rate i ...

 1. What is the corporate tax in Lithuania? The standard corporate tax rate that a company registered in Lithuania has to pay in 2011 is 15%. Companies with less than 10 employees and less than 500,000 LTL (144,800 EUR) as an yearly income may pay only a 5% corporate tax rate. 2. What is the VA ...

1. What is the VAT in Lithuania? Since 2009, the VAT rate in Lithuania is 21%. There are also some exceptions from this standard rate. Books and newspapers are subject to a VAT rate of 9%, as well as accommodation or the supply of heat and hot water. A 5% VAT rate applies for medicines in Lithuania. ...

 1. What is the corporate tax in Luxembourg? In Luxembourg, the corporate tax rate varies according to the income and a 5% increase is applied as an unemployment fund contribution. Therefore, a company with an income below 15,000 EUR is subject for 21% corporate tax, while a company with an inc ...

1. What is the VAT in Luxembourg? In Luxembourg, the standard VAT rate is 15%, the lowest that can be applied in the European Union. Anyway, there are some exceptions that entitle you for a reduced VAT rate.  For example, a company with activity in management and safekeeping of securities is su ...

Accountants in Luxembourg can perform their activity as individuals or as legal entities. Authorised accountants in Luxembourg are registered with the “Ordre des experts-comptables” (OEC), which supervises the activity and the responsibilities of its members. The profession of accountant ...

1. What is the corporate tax in Macedonia? A company registered in Macedonia is subject to a flat corporate tax rate of 10%, one of the lowest rates in Europe. 2. What is the VAT in Macedonia? In Macedonia, the VAT rate is 18%. 3. How can the VAT be refunded in Macedonia? Usually, the procedure for ...

1. What is the VAT in Macedonia? The standard VAT rate in Macedonia is 18% for pretty much all supplies of goods and services. A reduced rate of 5% was introduced in 2007 to be levied on pharmaceuticals, food products, production equipment, computers or public transportation. Some goods and services ...

 1. What is the corporate tax in Malta? Companies that are registered in Malta are subject to a corporate tax rate of 35%. This percentage applies to the worldwide income. 2. What is the VAT in Malta? When it comes to the VAT rate, Malta is subject to 18%, with certain exceptions. There is a 7% ...

1. What is the VAT in Malta? The standard VAT rate in Malta is 18% and is usually levied on supply of goods and services, intra-community acquisition of goods in Malta and imports from outside the European Union. However, a reduced VAT rate of 7% is charged on accommodation, while electricity, confe ...

 1. What is the corporate tax in Moldova? The corporate tax rate in Moldova at present moment is 0%, but it is expected to be changed to a 10-12% in 2012. 2. What is the VAT in Moldova? The Moldavian standard VAT rate is 20%, with reduced rates for food and other goods or services. For instance ...

1. What is the corporate tax in Montenegro? The flat corporate tax rate for a company that is registered in Montenegro is 9%, one of the lowest rates in Europe. 2. What is the VAT in Montenegro? The standard VAT rate in Montenegro is 17%, with a reduced rate of 7% on several goods and services, such ...

1. What is the VAT in Montenegro? Montenegro introduced VAT in April 2003. The standard VAT rate is 17% for a wide range of services and goods. A reduced VAT rate of 7% is charged for tourism, food, medicine, textbooks or public transportation. It is also important to mention that exported goods are ...

1. What is the corporate tax in Netherlands? In Netherlands the corporate tax applies at a rate of 20% for a profit of below 200.000 Euros. Profit exceeding 200,000 Euros is taxed at a rate of 25%. 2. What is the VAT in Netherlands? Value Added Tax in Netherlands applies to all goods and services b ...

1. What is the VAT in Netherlands? Value Added Tax in Netherlands applies to all goods and services, together with imports of goods from outside EU. The standard rate of VAT in Netherlands is 19%. A reduced rate of 6% applies for certain goods and services such as food, books, medicines, books and m ...

A Dutch accountant is an authorised person who can perform audits in the Netherlands. All accountants in Holland meet the European Directives for statutory audits. Besides, the profession of an accountant in Netherlands is protected and regulated by law, in order to provide independence, expertise a ...

1. What is the corporate tax in Norway? Resident companies in Norway are subject to taxation of the corporate tax for worldwide profits and gains, while non-resident companies are subject to corporate tax for the gains and profits made in Norway. The general rate of the corporate tax is 28%. 2. What ...

1. What is the VAT in Norway? The general VAT rate in Norway is 25% for a wide range of goods and services, as well as imports. However, there are some exceptions, too. A VAT rate of 14% applies to foodstuff. Some services such as accommodation, transportation or broadcasting are subject to a reduce ...

1. What is the corporate tax in Poland? The Polish corporate tax rate is 19%, being among the most inexpensive tax rates in Europe.  2. What is the VAT in Poland? The VAT rate in Poland is 23% since 2011. However, there are still exceptions applied for several goods and services. The VAT rate i ...

1. What is the VAT in Poland? The VAT rate in Poland is 23% since 2011. However, there are still exceptions applied for several goods and services. The VAT rate is 8% for tourist services, transportation, health-care, newspapers, water distribution or construction and renovation of houses, while a 5 ...

Polish accountants provide specialised advice in financial matters and are also competent for setting up a company in Poland and registering it. There are approximately 6,300 accountants in Poland, with an average age of 57 years old. Polish accountants who belong to the Chamber of Certified Public ...

1. What is the corporate tax in Portugal? A company registered in Portugal is subject to a standard corporate tax rate of 25% if the income is over 12,500 EUR and 12.5% for less. For an income that exceeds 2 million euros, the corporate tax rate is higher with 2.5%. 2. What is the VAT in Portugal? T ...

1. What is the VAT rate in Portugal? The standard Value Added Tax rate in Portugal is 23%, with some exceptions of 13% for restaurant services and 6% for some goods and services, mainly foodstuff. Medical and banking services are exempt from VAT. If the annual turnover of a Portuguese company is les ...

Portuguese accountants fall under the authority of the Commission of Accounting Standards, the body that regulates accounting standards and issues procedures on the basis of international standards. An accountant in Portugal must prepare financial statements that are in accordance with the National ...

The Value Added Tax for Real Estate purchases in Romania has until very recently been a flat 19% applied to all transactions regardless of any other details. However the respective stipulations of the Romanian Fiscal Code have been changed through OUG 200/2008, which has now been in effect since ...

The requirement to keep a “Shareholder Registry” Law No. 31/1990 stipulates that Romanian SRL companies must maintain, through the care of the administrator, a “Shareholder Registry”, where the following information is to be registered: shareholder’s full names, domic ...

1. What is the corporate tax in Russia? In Russia corporations are subject to a corporate tax of 20%. The tax has been reduced from 24% since 2008. 2% of the amount is paid to the central government as federal tax and the rest of 18% is payable to the regional government. 2. What is the VAT in Russi ...

1. What is the VAT in Russia? VAT in Russia has undergone significant changes since the modification of the Russian Tax Code as of January 2001. VAT is payable by all legal entities and individual entrepreneurs and in most cases its rate is 18%. A zero-rate VAT applies to electricity or transportati ...

A Russian accountant has to be specially trained in order to understand the Russian system in accounting and financing. Accountants in Russia must respect different standards than the international ones. However, some similarities to International Accounting Standards exist in terms of using a doubl ...

1. What is the corporate tax rate in Serbia? The corporate tax rate in Serbia is among the lowest rates in Europe, with only 10%. 2. What is the VAT in Serbia? In Serbia, the standard VAT rate is 18%, but there are several goods and services that benefit from a reduced VAT rate of 8%, such as food, ...

1. What is the VAT in Serbia? The VAT law in Serbia dates from 2005. The standard VAT rate that applies in Serbia is 18% for a wide range of goods and services. A reduced VAT rate of 8% is levied on certain services and goods, such as food, textbooks, medicines, accommodation, firewood, natural gas ...

1. What is the corporate tax in Slovakia? A company that is registered in Slovakia has to pay a 19% corporate tax rate. 2. What is the VAT in Slovakia? In 2011, the VAT rate in Slovakia increased from 19% to 20%. A reduced VAT rate of 10% applies for medical and pharmaceutical products. Services suc ...

1. What is the VAT in Slovakia? VAT was introduced in Slovakia in March 1993. The VAT rate in Slovakia increased in 2011 to 20%. However, a reduced VAT rate remained for certain goods and services, such as medical and pharmaceutical products. A number of services are exempt from VAT in Slovakia, inc ...

1. What is the corporate tax in Slovenia? A company registered in Slovenia has to pay a corporate income tax of 20%. There are also cases when investment funds, pension funds and insurance undertakings for pension plans are exempt from the corporate tax. 2. What is the VAT in Slovenia? The standard ...

1. What is the VAT in Slovenia? The standard VAT rate in Slovenia is 20% for almost all goods and services. A reduced VAT rate of 8.5% applies to certain goods and services, such as food, water supply, medicines, public transportation, books and some entertainment tickets. There are also some transa ...

1. What is the corporate tax in Spain? The standard Spanish corporate tax levied on companies activating on the country's territory is 35%. However companies with yearly sales of less then 8 million euros benefit from certain deductions and 10% tax credit can be obtained for investments and expenses ...

1. What is the VAT in Spain? The VAT rate in Spain is 18% since 2010. However, reduced rates of 8% and 4% apply to certain goods and services. The purchase of newly built properties, hotels and restaurants are subject to a VAT rate of 8%, as well as health products, and entertainment. The 4% VAT rat ...

A Spanish accountant is called a Contable or an Asesor Fiscal. They are usually hored every month by companies to complete statutory declarations, pay taxes and pay social security, as well as completing the procedures of employment for new staff. There is also another type of accountant in Spain, k ...

1. What is the corporate tax in Sweden? Companies and individual entrepreneurs in Sweden pay a corporate tax based on their annual income of 28%. However there is the possibility to defer taxation of profit by allocation of 25% of the profit to tax allocation reserves. 2. What is the VAT in Sweden? ...

1. What is the VAT in Sweden? The standard VAT rate applied in Sweden is 25%. However, a reduced rate of 12% applies in certain conditions. Foodstuffs and accommodation benefit from this reduced rate. An even lower VAT rate of 6% applies for transportations, newspapers and magazines or cultural even ...

The profession of accountants in Sweden is based on the Annual Accounts Act of 1995 and the Book-keeping Act of 1999 which stipulate accounting principles. Moreover, the governmental body called the Swedish Accounting Standards Board also supports and regulates the profession of accountants in Swede ...

1. What is the corporate tax in Switzerland? Swedish corporations are taxed with both a federal tax and cantonal or communal tax. The federal income tax is levied at 8,5%. Cantonal corporate income tax varies, but on average its rate is around 13%. 2. What is the VAT in Switzerland? It is a known ...

1. What is the VAT in Switzerland? It is a known fact that Switzerland has the lowest VAT in Europe, rating 8% since 2011. Furthermore, reductions are available for certain supplies and services such as food, medicine, newspapers and books, with VAT rates of 2.5%. VAT for accommodation is 3.6%, whil ...

A Swiss accountant must respect the accounting standards set by the Swiss Foundation for Accounting and Reporting. Since all companies registered in the Commercial Register in Switzerland are under the authority of the Swiss Code of Obligations, an accountant in Switzerland must keep records of a ba ...

1. What is the corporate tax in Turkey? The state of Turkey has a progressive tax system, meaning the higher the income of a company, the higher the tax. However there are limits for the corporate income tax in Turkey. The corporate tax rates vary between 15% and 35%, whereas the standard tax rate i ...

1. What is the VAT in Turkey? In Turkey, the VAT rate is established by the Turkish tax law. The VAT rate is calculated between 1% and 18%. It generally applies an 18% rate in Turkey. A reduced VAT rate of 8% applies to food or pharmaceutical products, while an even more reduce rate for VAT in Turke ...

 1. What is the corporate tax in Ukraine? In 2011, the standard corporate tax rate in Ukraine is 23%, but it will be reduced during the next three years. This way, the corporate tax is announced to be 21% in 2012, 19% in 2013 and 16% in 2014. 2. What is the VAT in Ukraine? The standard VAT rate ...

1. What is the VAT in Ukraine? VAT was introduced in Ukraine in 1993 and on 1st January 2011 it began to be administered by the Ukrainian State Tax Administration. The standard VAT rate in Ukraine is 20%. However, this rate is expected to become lower in 2014. Exports are zero-rated in Ukraine. Som ...

1. What is the corporate tax in UK? The standard corporate tax rate for companies registered in the United Kingdom is 26%. Oil rights and extractions are not subject to corporate tax. There is also a different rate for small companies with less than 300,000 GBP per year. These have to pay a 20% corp ...